Real-time digital signal processing: implementations, ... changes in the input signal is limited by its internal clock rate, so that it may be slow to

congruential method, 404 convolution, 87±8, 135, 189, 198, 243±4, 314, 330 interpolation, 401 phase, 188 phase filter, 183, 194 prediction, 373, 374 system, 87 time-invariant (LTI) system, 133 linearity(superposition), 134, 182, 308 linker, 46 command file, 23 LMS algorithm, 351, 366 logarithmic quantizer, 10 logic instructions, 64 long division, 136, 137 lookup-table method, 400, 403 loop unrolling, 228 lowpass filter, 184, 204, 249, 250 LPC, 165 MAC unit, see multiply-accumulate magnitude, 447 bit, 95, 96, 382 distortion, 185 response, 148±9, 151, 154, 160, 164, 182 spectrum, 129, 130±31, 153±54, 308 test, 414 mainlobe, 207, 325 maintainability, 17 mapping properties, 246, 260, 261 marginallystable, 148, 245, 274 MATLAB (matrix laboratory), 2, 202, 453 basic Operators, 457 built-in function, 465 files, 459 functions, 466 graphics, 455 M-files, 459 Mat-files, 460 Mex-files, 460 script files, 459 user-written functions, 465 maximum-length sequence, 163 mean, 92 mean-square error (MSE), 361, 383 mean-squared value, 93, 353, 356 MEMORY directive, see linker memorymap, 40 memory-mapped register addressing mode, 56 memorymapped registers (MMRs), 40 microprocessor and microcontrollers (mP), 11 minimum MSE, 362, 383 step size, 384 mixture of C and assemblyprogramming, 68 MMR, see memorymapped registers mnemonic assemblycode, 42 modulo operation, 293, 404±5 most significant bit (MSB), 95 move instruction, 65 moving average filter, 84, 89, 145, 149, 193, 194 MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), 437 MSE, see mean-square error surface, 363 time constant, 368±9 multipliers, 80 multiply±accumulate, 36, 227 multi-rate, 8 natural response, 147 near-end, 418 negative symmetry, see anti-symmetric network echo, 417 noise generators, 404 reduction, 399, 429 subtraction, 430 nonlinear phase, 194 non-causal filter, 182, 198, 203 non-parametric methods, 322 non-real-time DSP, 2 non-recursive filter, 89 non-uniform quantization, 8 normal distribution function, 95 normalized digital frequency, 155 frequency, 79, 271 LMS algorithm, 368, 371, 428 step size, 371 notch filter, 160, 185, 377 Nyquist frequency, 6, 156, 197 interval, 6 rate, 6 odd function, 128, 129, 131, 149, 309 off-line system modeling, 373, 409, 428 one-sided z-transform, 134 operand types, 51 optimum filter, 362 step size, 383 weight vector, 362 oscillatorybehavior, 205 output channel, 3 overflow, 103, 112 overlap-add, 332 INDEX 493