Understanding Linkages among Food Availability, Access ...
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xii
consumption standard, or to calculate the
number of people which cross the line from
calorie deficiency to calorie adequacy as a
result of changes in real income. However,
both of these alternatives face the very dif-
ficult problem of establishing what the re-
quirement standards ought to be, as impor-
tant intersocietal, intrasocietal, and
intraindividual differences exist in energy
requirements.
4. The implications of male- versus female-
controlled income for family members' food
consumption and nutritional status needs
more research before any substantial re-
sources are devoted to this issue in the
policy arena. More intrahousehold data
would be useful, though expensive to col-
lect. But less costly improvements in cur-
rent understanding of intrahousehold alloca-
tion issues may be gained by reexamining
the methods used in analyzing currently
available data. In particular, when trying to
show relationships between control of in-
come and nutritional outcomes, more atten-
tion is needed on the issue of whether other
factors not controlled for in the analyses
may be responsible for any apparent corre-
lations. For instance, regression models sug-
gesting that women's control over income
positively affects children's calorie intake
has not always controlled for factors such as
women's education level, which could have
positive effects on both control over income
and calorie intakes. If so, an apparent corre-
lation between control over income and calo-
rie consumption might reflect this heteroge-
neity in education rather than any causal
relationship between the two. While there
certainly may be cases where men do not
properly care for the well-being of their chil-
dren, one must be wary of jumping too
quickly to intuitively suspect generalizations
about parents' caring for their children.
Summary :
xii consumption standard, or to calculate the number of people which cross the line from calorie deficiency to calorie adequacy as a result of changes in real income. For instance, regression models sug- gesting that women's control over income positively affects children's calorie intake has not always controlled for factors such as women's education level, which could have positive effects on both control over income and calorie intakes.
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