Fundamentalsof Telecommunications

See ATM adaptation layer (AAL) abort, 327 absolute delay, 47 absolute level, 51 access customer, 16 access point (AP), 342 access protocols, LAN, 298­308 ac circuits, 593­602 with combined inductive and capacitive resistance, 598­599 inductance and capacitance in, 587­593 resistance in, 601 accounting management, network, 541 acknowledgment (ACK) packet/signal, 257, 343 ac ringing voltage, telephone alerting device, 94 adaptive differential PCM (ADPCM), 482 adaptive differential PCM (ADPCM), 468 adaptive routing schemes, 182­183 ADC video systems, CATV trunk frame structure, 447 add command, 399 add­drop multiplex capability, 170 add­drop multiplexer (ADM), 499­501 terminal mode of, 501f add­drops, 199, 200f address field extension (EA) bit, 332 address (A) fields addressing capacity of, 316­317 frame relay frame structure, 331 HDLC frame format, 285­286 MAC frame, 302 address field variables, 332­333 address resolution protocol (ARP), 323 address signaling, 4, 149, 150, 154­158 multifrequency, 155­158 ad hoc network, 342 administrative unit group (AUG), 503 administrative unit- n (AU-n), 503 administrative unit (AU) pointers, 504­506 advanced broadband digital transport formats, 489­509 SONET, 490­501 synchronous digital hierarchy, 501­508 advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), 450, 458, 460, 469 Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standards, 15, 420­422 agent, 554, 555 agent address field, in SNMP messages, 558 A-law companding, 113, 114 alerting, 5, 150 algebra, 605­611 symbols and notation in, 603­604 Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions, 15­16 all trunks busy (ATB) tone, 8, 14, 57, 68, 150 alternate mark inversion (AMI), transmission mode, 119­120 alternating current (ac), 576, 593­602.