654
INDEX
convolutional codes, 256
"cookbook" subscriber loop design methods,
98102
cordless telephone technology, 478, 481483
corrected reference equivalent (CRE), 43
correlation, in direct sequence spread spectrum,
474476
coulomb, 589
counter emf, 588
coupler device, 433
coupling loss, 50
crankback, 184, 185
critical angle, 232233, 233f
crossbar markers, 73
crossbar telephone switching, 71, 72
cross-modulation (Xm), 438439
crosstalk, 32, 5051, 269, 270
in long-distance PCM transmission, 128
crowding, in geostationary orbits, 219
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with
collision avoidance) protocol, 342343
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision
detection) LAN, 299, 300306
later versions of, 304306
propagation time for, 303
CSMA (carrier sense multiple access) LAN, 299,
300306
CT2 common air interface, 482
CT2+ common air interace, 482
cue channel, 413
cultural factors, calling habits and, 173
current
in ac circuits, 594596
early sources of, 2021
subscriber loop, 95
current flow, telephone, 93
customer premise equipment (CPE), 169, 195
customer satisfaction, 14
cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 256
CRC-4, 546547
CRC-6, 545
dash, Morse code, 22
data channel propagation time, 376
data circuits
as a QoS parameter, 4445
signaling on, 388
data communication equipment (DCE). See
DTEDCE interface
data communications, 251290
binary convention in, 252
binary transmission and time concept, 259265
coding in, 252254
data interface in, 265267
data protocols in, 278287
data transmission errors, 254258
dc nature of data transmission, 258259
defined, 251
digital transmission on an analog channel,
267278
layers of, 280281
data frame, 261f, 388f
datagram routing method, 318, 319. See also
internet datagram
data-link connection identifier (DLCI), 331, 333,
335
data-link layers
OSI model, 282283
protocols for, 283
TCP/IP and, 320322
data messages
compatibility of, 317318
requirements for, 315318
routing, 316317
urgency of, 317
data modem, 48, 265
data networks
optimizing return on, 278
protocols for, 316
data protocols, 278287
latency of, 317
data rates, digital network, 277
data terminal equipment (DTE), 300
data traffic
intensity of, 89
quantifying, 6667
data transfer, 284. See also data transmission
data transfer phase functions, SCCP, 379
data transmission. See also data communications
attenuation distortion in, 269
based on CCITT Rec. V.110, 277278
defined, 251
on a digital network, 277278
noise in, 269271
on permanent virtual circuits, 388
phase distortion in 268, 269
versus digital telephony, 387388
data user part (DUP), 364
Dauber, Steven, 542, 543
dBd values, 635. See also decibels (dB, dBm)
dBi values, 635
dBmC unit, 628630
dBm values, calculating, 619621, 624625
dBmV values, 434435
dB values, calculating, 623625
dBW values, calculating, 619621, 624625
dc (direct current) circuits, 23
electrical power in, 584585
dc loops, 258
calculating resistance in, 96
dc networks, solving problems in, 583584
dc signaling, negative-impedance repeaters and,
104
dc transmission, 258259
DDS signal subhierarchy, 278f
decibels (dB, dBm), 14, 41, 42, 51, 52, 615635.
See also dB entries
basics of, 615619
decision circuit, 35
decoding, 119
DECT (digital European cordless telephone), 482
degrees, time-scale, 2728
degrees of rotation, angular, 25
dejitterizer, 393
delay, 47. See also echo delay
LEO system, 484
postdialing, 160
probability of, 63
TDMA, 470
delay distortion, 33
delay equalizer, 276
delay spread, 472
delay time, 52