INDEX
661
ITU-T Rec.H.323 standard, 395, 396397
ITU-T recommendations, 15, 329, 330
ITU-T(CCITT) Rec.X.25 protocols, 315
jacks, 69
subscriber-line, 6970
jitter, 121
guidelines on, 143
in long-distance PCM transmission, 127
payload adjustment, 496
slips due to, 139
Johnson noise, 270
junction, 55
junctors, 135
justification, 122123
positive/negative/zero, 125, 126
kelvins, 48
key, 22, 23
K-factor, 201, 202
kilohertz (kHz), 25
Kirchhoff's first law, 580582
Kirchhoff's second law, 582583
LAN access protocols, 298308
CSMA and CSMA/CD access techniques,
300306
MAC frame, 301304
token ring and FDDI, 306308
LAN bridges, 309310
land-line Morse code, 22
LAN segmentation, 310
LAN-to-WAN-to-LAN connectivities, 320f
LAN transmission techniques, 292
LAPB (link access protocol, B-channel), 315
LAPD (link access protocol, D-channel), 315,
329330
core functions, 330331
laser diode (LD), 236, 237
last-come, first-served queue discipline, 63
LATA (local access and transport area), 16, 176
connections, 193
latching, 72
laws of logarithms, 612613
laws of signs, 605
layering
ATM, 521526
SS No. 7, 364374
leading register concept, 160161
least common denominator (LCD), 606
LEC (local exchange carrier), 16
length field, MAC frame, 302
length indicator (LI), 371
level (signal magnitude), 5152
level-regulating pilots, 85
level settings, CATV amplifier, 439
light detectors, 237239
light-emitting diode (LED), 233, 236, 237, 243
limited availability switching, 59
linear equations, 607608
simultaneous, 610611
linear predictive vocoders, 468
line build-out (LBO), 103, 121
networks with, 103
line code, 119120
line concentrators, 74
line frequency, 8182
formation of, 8384
line-of-sight communications, 196, 197
line-of-sight (LOS) microwave, 127, 196197,
197212, 462. See also LOS entries
frequency bands, 216
performance requirements for, 198199
RF bandwidth for, 36
site selection and path profile preparation,
199203
video transmission over, 414416
line-of-sight microwave link, design steps for,
198208
line-of-sight microwave systems, 197f, 200f
line overhead (LOH), 491, 496, 498
line signaling, 151154. See also supervisory
signaling
lines of magnetic induction, 586
link budget, 198
AM fiber-optic system, 442443, 446
analysis, 223
examples of, 226228, 243244
line-of-sight microwave, 203208
link-by-link signaling, 160
link engineering, earth station, 223228
link gains/losses, line-of-sight microwave, 204f
link-layer protocols, 282283
link margin, 213, 243
links, 197
fiber-optic, 35, 36f, 233f
in long-distance network design, 174175
line-of-sight microwave, 197
overbuilding, 214
satellite to earth, 219
virtual channel, 528
virtual path, 528529
link set, 362
link status signal unit (LSSU), 370, 372, 372
"listen before transmit" concept, 300
LLC data field, MAC frame, 302. See also logical
link control (LLC)
LLC header, 320
load coil spacing (distance), 100, 102103
load coil spacing code, 98
loaded cables, 9798
loaded loops, attenuation (loss) of, 98
loading
inductive, 101, 102103
subscriber loop, 9798
load sharing, 185. See also signaling link selection
(SLS) field
local access and transport areas (LATAs), 16, 176,
193
local area connectivity, tandem switches in, 7
local area networks (LANs), 3, 291313. See also
LAN entries; local networks
access protocols, 298308
ANSI/IEEE protocols, 295298
applications, 292
baseband LAN transmission, 294295
communication channels for, 548
defined, 291
interworking via spanning devices, 308312
topologies, 292294
local area wire-pair trunk (junction) design,
102103