INDEX
665
originating call control, 183
originating/destination points, 365
originating line appearances, 70, 71f
originating point code (OPC), 373, 382
orthogonal frequency division multiplex
modulation (OFDM), 342
OSI layering, 281, 282f
layer functions, 282284
OSI layers, incorporation into data-link layer
frame, 321f
other provider, 2
other services, 432
outbound links, VSAT, 231
outlets, 59, 67
out-of-band (out-band) signaling, 152154
outside plant subscriber loop, 94
overall loudness loss, 43
overall loudness rating (OLR), 43, 44
overall reference equivalent (ORE), 43
overall telecommunications network, 2, 3f
overflow, 1112
overhead, 281
PABX (private automatic branch exchange), 89
switching system, 164
packet convergence sublayer, MAC, 350351
packet data communications, 318319
packet/frame forwarding, 310311
packetization delay, 517
packet loss concealment (PLC) procedures, 394
packets, 279. See also voice-over packets
packing, MAC SDU, 351353
PAD (packet assembler-disassembler), 279
padding, 526
PAD field, MAC frame, 302
PAM5 symbols, 306
parabolic dish antenna gain, 211212
parallel capacitors, 590591
parallel resistances, 580584
parentheses, in algebra, 605607
parity bit, 135
parity check, 255
par mechanism, TCP, 325326
partially compelled signaling, 160
path analysis, 223
line-of-sight microwave, 203208
path calculations, cellular radio, 467
path loss, 204, 205
path loss radio propagation model, 463
path overhead (POH), 496
path profile, 198
chart, 202f
line-of-sight microwave, 200203
steps in preparing, 200, 201203
path/site survey, in line-of-sight microwave design,
212
payload adjustment jitter, 496
payload mapping/demapping, 498499
payload pointers, 491, 495496
payload-type (PT) field, 519
PCM codec, 118f. See also pulse code modulation
(PCM)
PCM multiplex systems. See higher-order PCM
multiplex systems
PCM repeatered lines, signal-to-Gaussian-noise
ratio on, 120
PCM signal, quality of, 114
PCM signal development, from an analog TV
signal, 418
PCM switching, 128. See also digital switching
PCM time slot bit streams, 131
PCM transmission, long-distance, 126128
PCM "words,", 114115
PDUs (protocol data units), MAC, 349, 351f
structure of, 298
peak-to-peak voltage, 43
peak traffic loads, 576
peers, 280
peer-to-peer communication, 379
percentage of errored seconds (%ES), 546
perfect receiver, 49
performance management, network, 540541
performance measures, CATV, 434441
performance requirements, line-of-sight
microwave, 198199
period, 594
permanent magnets, 585
permanent virtual circuit (PVC), 67, 388
permanent virtual connections (PVCs), 319, 330
permittivity constant, 589
personal access communications services (PACS),
483
personal area network (PAN), 344
personal communications, 478
personal communications services (PCS), 457, 458,
478481
radio paths, 479
RF bandwidth for, 37
personal computers (PCs), 2
data communications for, 251
personal handyphone system (PHS), 482483
phase, 25
phase alternation line (PAL) color transmission
standards, 411, 412
phase discontinuity, 142
phase distortion, 4648, 268269
phase jitter, 127
phase modulation (PM), 29, 30f
phase relation, 2528
phase-shift keying (PSK), 208, 209f, 268
photodiodes, 237239
photon (light) sources, fiber-optic communication
system, 236237
PHY bursts, 351
physical layer
ATM, 521522
OSI, 282
physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP),
533534
physical signaling sublayer (PLS), 300
picofarad (pF), 589
piconet, Bluetooth WPAN, 346347
picture element (pixel, pel), 406, 422
picture quality scale, 45
picture rate, 422
picture scanning formats, 424425
pigtail, 237, 239, 243
pilot tones, 8485
PIN photodiode, 237239
"pipes,", 36